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Large-scale model test study on the water pressure resistance of construction joints of karst tunnel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1249-1263 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0974-x

摘要： Model tests and numerical calculations were adopted based on the New Yuanliangshan tunnel project to investigate the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints in high-pressure and water-rich karst tunnels. A large-scale model test was designed and conducted, innovatively transforming the external water pressure of the lining construction joint into internal water pressure. The effects of the embedded position and waterstop type on the water pressure resistance of the construction joint were analyzed, and the reliability of the model test was verified via numerical calculations. The results show that using waterstops can significantly improve the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints. The water pressure resistance of the lining construction joint is positively correlated with the lining thickness and embedded depth of the waterstop. In addition, the type of waterstop significantly influences the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints. The test results show that the water pressure resistance of the embedded transverse reinforced waterstop is similar to that of the steel plate waterstop, and both have more advantages than the rubber waterstop. The water pressure resistance of the construction joint determined via numerical calculations is similar to the model test results, indicating that the model test results have high accuracy and reliability. This study provides a reference for similar projects and has wide applications.

关键词： karst tunnel lining construction joint water pressure resistance large-scale model test numerical calculations

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施工与运营初期厚表土立井井壁受力实测研究

温德华

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第2期页码 80-84

摘要：

采用井筒内外井壁现场埋设传感器的方法，建立由计算机控制的自动监测系统，实测大屯矿区某混合井井壁施工过程及之后一段时间的受力和变形演变规律。对实测结果进行分析，研究内外井壁的综合变形规律，可以预测井壁的长期安全性，为井壁破裂的预防和治理提供科学决策的依据。

关键词：井壁监测厚表土应变附加力

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水下盾构法铁路隧道管片衬砌结构的原型加载试验研究

何川,封坤,晏启祥,齐春

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 65-72

摘要：

针对我国第一条水下铁路盾构法隧道——狮子洋隧道，采用“多功能盾构隧道结构体试验系统”装置原型管片衬砌结构，在通缝和错缝不同的拼装方式下进行了原型结构加载试验，对其结构力学性能进行深入探讨。试验结果表明，不同水压条件下管片衬砌结构力学特征不同，尤其是当结构开裂后，高水压对于结构内力与形变的发展有明显的减缓作用。狮子洋隧道采用的榫式接头管片结构在通缝与错缝拼装下的破坏特征不同，通缝拼装时结构在高水压条件下纵缝附近区域易发生局部剪切破坏，该研究成果可为同类工程的设计提供有价值的参考。

关键词：水下盾构法铁路隧道管片衬砌结构原型试验榫式接头破坏特征

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工程承包联营体的柔性分析与评价

赵振宇,殷音

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 84-87

摘要：

讨论了工程承包联营体环境动荡性评价指标和工程承包联营体柔性评价指标以及相应的评价方法。通过柔性分析，可以判断出工程承包联营体各方面的柔性程度能否与其相应的环境和内外部因素相适应，并为制订调整联营体柔性度的措施提供帮助，进而提高联营体的管理水平和竞争力。

关键词：工程项目承包商联营体柔性管理

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Damage on lining concrete in highway tunnels under combined sulfate and chloride attack

Rongrong YIN, Chenchen ZHANG, Qing WU, Baocheng LI, He XIE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 331-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0421-y

摘要：

The combined effect from sulfate and chloride is one of the important reasons to cause the damage of lining concrete in highway tunnels. To investigate the effect of chloride ions on the corrosion of lining concretes under sulfate attack, ultrasonic detecting, compression test and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed on the concretes to obtain the ultrasonic velocity, corrosion thickness, compression strength and corrosion products. The ultrasonic results, compression strength and XRD patterns confirmed that the existence of chloride certainly depressed the corrosion damage on the lining concretes under sulfate attack, and the depressing effect increased with the content of chloride in the composite solution. The corrosion damage on the concretes experienced three stages independent of the composition of corrosive solution: initial slower enhancement on the strength, stabilization period and linear degradation period. The existence of chloride mainly affected the final degradation stage and obviously decreased the corrosion thickness.

关键词： lining concrete sulfate chloride compression ultrasonic

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Analytical algorithms of compressive bending capacity of bolted circumferential joint in metro shield

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 901-914 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0915-8

摘要： The integrity and bearing capacity of segment joints in shield tunnels are associated closely with the mechanical properties of the joints. This study focuses on the mechanical characteristics and mechanism of a bolted circumferential joint during the entire bearing process. Simplified analytical algorithms for four stress stages are established to describe the bearing behaviors of the joint under a compressive bending load. A height adjustment coefficient, α, for the outer concrete compression zone is introduced into a simplified analytical model. Factors affecting α are determined, and the degree of influence of these factors is investigated via orthogonal numerical simulations. The numerical results show that α can be specified as approximately 0.2 for most metro shield tunnels in China. Subsequently, a case study is performed to verify the rationality of the simplified theoretical analysis for the segment joint via numerical simulations and experiments. Using the proposed simplified analytical algorithms, a parametric investigation is conducted to discuss the factors affecting the ultimate compressive bending capacity of the joint. The method for optimizing the joint flexural stiffness is clarified. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design and prediciting the damage of bolted segment joints in shield tunnels.

关键词： shield tunnel segment joint joint structural model failure mechanism

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Deep convolutional neural network for multi-level non-invasive tunnel lining assessment

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 214-223 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0800-2

摘要： In recent years, great attention has focused on the development of automated procedures for infrastructures control. Many efforts have aimed at greater speed and reliability compared to traditional methods of assessing structural conditions. The paper proposes a multi-level strategy, designed and implemented on the basis of periodic structural monitoring oriented to a cost- and time-efficient tunnel control plan. Such strategy leverages the high capacity of convolutional neural networks to identify and classify potential critical situations. In a supervised learning framework, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles and the revealed structural phenomena have been used as input and output to train and test such networks. Image-based analysis and integrative investigations involving video-endoscopy, core drilling, jacking and pull-out testing have been exploited to define the structural conditions linked to GPR profiles and to create the database. The degree of detail and accuracy achieved in identifying a structural condition is high. As a result, this strategy appears of value to infrastructure managers who need to reduce the amount and invasiveness of testing, and thus also to reduce the time and costs associated with inspections made by highly specialized technicians.

关键词： concrete structure GPR damage classification convolutional neural network transfer learning

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Application of coupled XFEM-BCQO in the structural optimization of a circular tunnel lining subjected

Nazim Abdul NARIMAN, Ayad Mohammad RAMADAN, Ilham Ibrahim MOHAMMAD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1495-1509 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0574-y

摘要： A new structural optimization method of coupled extended finite element method and bound constrained quadratic optimization method (XFEM-BCQO) is adopted to quantify the optimum values of four design parameters for a circular tunnel lining when it is subjected to earthquakes. The parameters are: tunnel lining thickness, tunnel diameter, tunnel lining concrete modulus of elasticity and tunnel lining concrete density. Monte-Carlo sampling method is dedicated to construct the meta models so that to be used for the BCQO method using matlab codes. Numerical simulations of the tensile damage in the tunnel lining due to a real earthquake in the literature are created for three design cases. XFEM approach is used to show the cracks for the mentioned design cases. The results of the BCQO method for the maximum design case for the tunnel tensile damage was matching the results obtained from XFEM approach to a fair extent. The new coupled approach manifested a significant capability to predict the cracks and spalling of the tunnel lining concrete under the effects of dynamic earthquakes.

关键词： ovaling deformation monte carlo sampling XFEM-BCQO maximum principal stress

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Digital microfluidics: A promising technique for biochemical applications

He WANG, Liguo CHEN, Lining SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 510-525 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0460-z

摘要：

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile microfluidics technology that has significant application potential in the areas of automation and miniaturization. In DMF, discrete droplets containing samples and reagents are controlled to implement a series of operations via electrowetting-on-dielectric. This process works by applying electrical potentials to an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic dielectric layer. Unlike microchannels, DMF facilitates precise control over multiple reaction processes without using complex pump, microvalve, and tubing networks. DMF also presents other distinct features, such as portability, less sample consumption, shorter chemical reaction time, flexibility, and easier combination with other technology types. Due to its unique advantages, DMF has been applied to a broad range of fields (e.g., chemistry, biology, medicine, and environment). This study reviews the basic principles of droplet actuation, configuration design, and fabrication of the DMF device, as well as discusses the latest progress in DMF from the biochemistry perspective.

关键词： digital microfluidics electrowetting on dielectric discrete droplet biochemistry

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Finite element analysis on the seismic behavior of side joint of Prefabricated Cage System in prefabricated

Yunlin LIU, Shitao ZHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1095-1104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0538-2

摘要： The Prefabricated Cage System (PCS) has the advantages of high bearing capacity and good ductility. Meanwhile, it is convenient for factory production and it is beneficial to the cost savings, construction period shortening. Side joint is the weak region of PCS concrete frame and has great influence on seismic behavior of the whole structure. Thus systematically study on the seismic behavior of PCS concrete side joint is necessary. This paper presents a finite element study on behavior of the side joint under seismic loading. In the finite element model, PCS concrete and the reinforced concrete (RC) is modeled by the solid element and fiber-beam element, respectively. The numerical results is compared with the experimental results and it is found that the results of model based on fiber-beam element is in better agreement with the experimental results than solid element model. In addition, the overall seismic behavior of the side joints in PCS concrete is better than that of the RC with the same strength.

关键词： PCS concrete side joint numerical simulation fiber-beam element joint model solid element joint model seismic behavior

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室内装饰材料的标准房间/墙角火实验研究进展

杨昀,张和平,刘激扬

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第4期页码 55-60

摘要：

标准房间/墙角火实验是一种全尺度火灾实验研究方法，主要用来研究室内装饰材料的火灾特性。介绍了ISO 9705房间/墙角火实验方法的原理和实验装置，以及国内外利用该方法对装饰材料火灾特性进行研究的进展情况，包括对材料热释放速率、烟气产生和室内火蔓延方面的研究。分析了其研究成果在室内装饰材料的分类及火灾危险性评估中的实际应用情况，并结合作者目前的工作对未来的研究内容做了一些展望。

关键词：装饰材料全尺度 ISO 9705 房间/墙角火实验

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Precast steel–UHPC lightweight composite bridge for accelerated bridge construction

Shuwen DENG, Xudong SHAO, Xudong ZHAO, Yang WANG, Yan WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 364-377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0702-3

摘要： In this study, a fully precast steel–ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) lightweight composite bridge (LWCB) was proposed based on Mapu Bridge, aiming at accelerating construction in bridge engineering. Cast-in-place joints are generally the controlling factor of segmental structures. Therefore, an innovative girder-to-girder joint that is suitable for LWCB was developed. A specimen consisting of two prefabricated steel–UHPC composite girder parts and one post-cast joint part was fabricated to determine if the joint can effectively transfer load between girders. The flexural behavior of the specimen under a negative bending moment was explored. Finite element analyses of Mapu Bridge showed that the nominal stress of critical sections could meet the required stress, indicating that the design is reasonable. The fatigue performance of the UHPC deck was assessed based on past research, and results revealed that the fatigue performance could meet the design requirements. Based on the test results, a crack width prediction method for the joint interface, a simplified calculation method for the design moment, and a deflection calculation method for the steel–UHPC composite girder in consideration of the UHPC tensile stiffness effect were presented. Good agreements were achieved between the predicted values and test results.

关键词： accelerated bridge construction ultrahigh-performance concrete steel–UHPC composite bridge UHPC girder-to-girder joint

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Dynamic characteristics of a magnetorheological pin joint for civil structures

Yancheng LI,Jianchun LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第1期页码 15-33 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0283-0

摘要：

Magnetorheological (MR) pin joint is a novel device in which its joint moment resistance can be controlled in real-time by altering the applied magnetic field. The smart pin joint is intended to be used as a controllable connector between the columns and beams of a civil structure to instantaneously shift the structural natural frequencies in order to avoid resonance and therefore to reduce unwanted vibrations and hence prevent structural damage. As an intrinsically nonlinear device, modelling of this MR fluid based device is a challenging task and makes the design of a suitable control algorithm a cumbersome situation. Aimed at its application in civil structure, the main purpose of this paper is to test and characterise the hysteretic behaviour of MR pin joint. A test scheme is designed to obtain the dynamic performance of MR pin joint in the dominant earthquake frequency range. Some unique phenomena different from those of MR damper are observed through the experimental testing. A computationally-efficient model is proposed by introducing a hyperbolic element to accurately reproduce its dynamic behaviour and to further facilitate the design of a suitable control algorithm. Comprehensive investigations on the model accuracy and dependences of the proposed model on loading condition (frequency and amplitude) and input current level are reported in the last section of this paper.

关键词： Magnetorheological pin joint hyperbolic hysteresis model experimental testing frequency dependence

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基于人体髋关节转动中心分析的髋关节外骨骼仿生设计 Article

Wei YANG,Can-jun YANG,Ting XU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第8期页码 792-802 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500286

摘要：为了改善外骨骼穿戴舒适性，本文提出了一种基于人机物理交互优化的外骨骼设计方法。该方法通过设计外骨骼髋关节，使其保证人体髋关节运动时外骨骼髋关节转动中心能跟随人体髋关节转动中心的运动轨迹。当人体髋关节运动时，通过实验测量和计算可以得到其转动中心轨迹。本文设计的外骨骼髋关节运动机构能在人体髋关节屈曲/伸展和外展/内收时，保证转动中心都能够包容人体髋关节转动中心运动范围。同时，所设计的外骨骼髋关节被应用到下肢步行康复训练外骨骼中。通过人机接触力实验可知，与传统设计外骨骼髋关节进行相比，本文设计的仿生髋关节外骨骼在髋关节屈曲/伸展和内收/外展时分别可以减小24.1%和76.0%的人机接触力。这一结果证明仿生设计髋关节外骨骼更具穿戴舒适性，更符合人机工程学的设计要求。最后，本文通过建立人机闭式链模型进一步分析了仿生设计对于人体髋关节内力的影响，并验证该设计能减少关节内力作用。

关键词：髋关节外骨骼；髋关节中心；柔顺关节；人机交互力

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Identification of dynamic stiffness matrix of bearing joint region

Feng HU, Bo WU, Youmin HU, Tielin SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 289-299 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0064-3

摘要： The paper proposes an identification method of the dynamic stiffness matrix of a bearing joint region on the basis of theoretical analysis and experiments. The author deduces an identification model of the dynamic stiffness matrix from the synthetic substructure method. The dynamic stiffness matrix of the bearing joint region can be identified by measuring the matrix of frequency response function (FRFs) of the substructure (axle) and whole structure (assembly of the axle, bearing, and bearing housing) in different positions. Considering difficulty in measuring angular displacement, applying moment, and directly measuring relevant FRFs of rotational degree of freedom, the author employs an accurately calibrated finite element model of the unconstrained structure for indirect estimation. With experiments and simulation analysis, FRFs related with translational degree of freedom, which is estimated through the finite element model, agrees with experimental results, and there is very high reliability in the identified dynamic stiffness matrix of the bearing joint region.

关键词： frequency response function (FRFs) dynamic stiffness finite element synthetic substructure method joint region